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As conjunções em inglês (the linking words): and, but, yet, like, although, in adittion, finally.

17/10/2013

Autor y Coautor(es)

Autor: ANA CLAUDIA CUNHA SALUM

UBERLANDIA - MG Universidade Federal de Uberlândia

Coautor(es):

Eliana Dias e Lazuíta Goretti de Oliveira

Estructura Curricular

Modalidad / Nivel de Enseñanza	Disciplina	Tema
Ensino Médio	Língua Estrangeira	Compreensão leitora
Ensino Médio	Língua Estrangeira	Produção escrita
Ensino Médio	Língua Estrangeira	Produção oral

Datos de la Clase

O que o aluno poderá aprender com esta aula

Identificar e utilizar os conectivos em diversas situações comunicativas, de modo a facilitar a leitura e a escrita de textos em inglês.

Duração das atividades

1 aula/módulo de 50 minutos

Conhecimentos prévios trabalhados pelo professor com o aluno

O aluno deverá ter noções básicas da língua inglesa, como pronomes, verbos, substantivos, adjetivos.

Estratégias e recursos da aula

Uso de recursos multimídia;
uso de atividades xerocopiadas;
atividades realizadas em pares ou individualmente;
textos, excertos, exercícios gramaticais.

Fonte: https://www.google.com.br/search?site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1024&bih=643&q=linking+words&oq=linking+words&gs_l=img.3..0l2j0i24l8.3165.5259.0.8489.13.9.0.4.4.0.84.198.9.9.0....0...1ac.1.29.img..1.12.138.SnOcQYNigME#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=xLtOcs7VtPnx5M%3A%3BRYCjEdgNFoMpHM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.englishexercises.org%252Fmakeagame%252Fmy_documents%252Fmy_pictures%252F2009%252Fjun%252F4BE_veznici.gif%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.englishexercises.org%252Fmakeagame%252Fviewgame.asp%253Fid%253D1954%3B531%3B242 Acesso em: 16.10.2013.

Atividade 1:

Professor, projete os excertos seguintes no data show e peça para que os alunos leiam em voz alta, revesando os turnos de fala.

Linking words

Some words help us connect or link ideas within a paragraph and provide a bridge between paragraphs. Read the excerpts and do the activities on linking words.

Excerpt 1:

"And as the sun rises on a bright new day the vibrant cycle of insect life begins anew".

Excerpt 2:

"Cirque 2009 reflects my background in dance, of course, but it also represents my lifelong love of music, the inspiration I draw from sport and the liveliness you can discover in every aspect of life".

Excerpt 3:

"Yet in Deborah Colker´s distinctive, fresh and curious Ovo, you actually get to see these performers create a slew of spiders, to name but one of the bugs under the creative microscope".

Excerpt 4:

"´My work is like Brazil', she says, 'the mix of colors, the dynamics and rhythms, the happiness and possibility of a long way of discovery´".

Excerpt 5:

"Ovo is particularly strong on the creation of a joyous community within the house troupe and it uses more of the language of dance-theater than most Cirque shows (although not all the performers are dancers)".

Depois da leitura, distribua os exercícios xerocopiados e peça para que os alunos os realizem em duplas. Corrija-os, tão logo terminem, tirando as dúvidas que surgirem. Circule pela sala, observando a participação e o envolvimento de todos os alunos.

1. Notice the words in bold. Which words show

a) addition? ......................................................

b) contrast? ....................................................

c) comparison? ...........................................

2. Take a look at the chart below and learn other linking words. Complete the blank spaces in the chart with the answers from exercise 1.

ADDING IDEAS	CONTRASTING IDEAS	COMPARING IDEAS	GIVING REASONS	SEQUENCING IDEAS	SUMMARIZING
In addition	Even though	Similarly	Because	First, second, etc.	In conclusion
Too	While	In the same way/manner	Because of	Next	Finally
Besides	In contrast	Manner	Due to	Then	In brief
As well as	…………….	…………..	as
……..	…………….
……..	…………….

Fonte: MENEZES, Vera. (2012) Alive!: inglês, 9º ano. São Paulo: Edições SM.

3. In the following excerpt (from Virginia´s Wolf novel), the linking words have been deleted. Try to reorganize the following sentences into a well-structure paragraph by choosing the most appropriate linking words from the box below.

again, and, because, consequently, however, or, therefore, yet, whereas

In all novels incidents, actions, thought and descriptions are related, ------ narrated, by an agent who is known as a narrator. The reader, -------, sees the events of a novel to a greater or lesser degree through the eyes, ------- point of view, of the novel's narrator. It is obvious, -------, that the narrator is an extremely significant element in considering a novel, -------- it is the narrator who decides what to show or tell us, --------- what emphasis is to be placed on an event or character, -------- it is the narrator's language that describes events and characters.

Fonte: http://www2.ulg.ac.be/facphl/uer/d-german/remed/linkwords.htm. Acesso em: 16.10.2013.

Atividade 2:

Professor, projete a explicação seguinte no data show e peça para que os alunos realizem a leitura.

LINKING WORDS

Linking words in English are words that are used to combine or link in one sentence
two statements presenting contrast, comparison, condition, supposition, purpose, etc.

Linking Words	Example of use

As long as provided (that) providing	You can take my car as long as/provided (that)/providing you don't damage it. (I will lend you my car on condition that you don't damage it.)

Although/even though	Although/even though he is rich, he lives in a small house. (In spite of the fact that he is rich, he lives in a small house.)

Even if	He is poor and has no house, but even if he had money, he wouldn't buy a house. (Supposing he had the money, he still wouldn't buy a house.)

In case	Take an umbrella in case it rains. It might rain, so it's a good idea to take an umbrella.)

In spite of / despite	In spite of/despite the rain, she walked to the station. in spite of/despite being blind, he walked to the station. (without being affected by the rain or by being blind.)

So that	She arrived early so that she could help her colleagues. (She arrived early for the purpose of helping her colleagues.)

Whatever	You can count on me whatever you decide to do. (No matter what your decision is, you can count on me.)

Whereas	Tom is rich, whereas Jack is poor. (Tom is rich; in contrast Jack is poor.)

Whenever	I will lend you my car whenever you need it. (No matter when you need my car, I will lend it to you.)

Wherever	My thoughts will be with you wherever you go. (No matter where you go, my thoughts will be with you.)

Fonte: http://www.learn-english-today.com/lessons/lesson_contents/grammar/linking-words.html. Acesso em: 14.10.2013.

Atividade 3:

Entregue uma cópia do exercício abaixo para cada aluno. Peça para que realizem a atividade em duplas. Faça a correção, pedindo para que os alunos escrevam as frases no quadro, garantindo, assim, a participação de todos.

Make one sentence from the two below, using the word(s) in brackets.

Example : It was raining. We played golf. (even though) => Even though it was raining, we played golf.

1. She wasn't very rich. She gave money to the beggar. (although)

_________________________________________________________________________

2. He left early. He wanted to arrive on time. (so that)

___________________________________________________________________________

3. You can go out tonight. You must tell us where you are going. (provided)

__________________________________________________________________________

4. I don't earn a big salary. But if I did, I wouldn't buy a car. (even if)

__________________________________________________________________________

5. Take a sandwich. There might be no restaurant. (in case)

__________________________________________________________________________

6. There was a lot of noise. He managed to sleep. (despite)

__________________________________________________________________________

7. Sue likes Opera. Joe prefers jazz. (They have different tastes.) (whereas)

__________________________________________________________________________

8. The weather was bad. They enjoyed the trip. (even though)

__________________________________________________________________________

9. He had the 'flu. He went to work. (in spite of)

__________________________________________________________________________

10. You have to put the alarm on. If not, it won't work. (unless)

__________________________________________________________________________

Fonte: http://www.learn-english-today.com/lessons/lesson_contents/exercises/linking-words-ex.htm. Acesso em: 14.10.2013.

Atividade 4:

Para finalizar a aula, distribua as seguintes atividades xerocopiadas e peça para que os alunos trabalhem em duplas. Caso o tempo restante da aula não seja suficiente, peça pra que terminem em casa. No encontro seguinte, corrija a atividade, tirando as possíveis dúvidas quanto ao tema trabalhado na aula.

A) Circle the letter that correctly identifies the nature of the underlined transition in each of the following sentences.

1. A water main downtown broke this morning, so several businesses had no water for hours.

a. addition

b. time

c. comparison

d. cause and effect

2. Even though most Americans are primarily concerned about AIDS as it exists in the U.S., it should be remembered that it is now nearly a worldwide disease.

a. addition

b. time

c. contrast

d. comparison

3. Larry will probably be a late bloomer socially, just like his older brothers.

a. time

b. contrast

c. comparison

d. cause and effect

4. There are ways you can make boring tasks more pleasant. For instance, bring a portable radio and listen to music on the earphones while you work.

a. contrast

b. comparison

c. illustration/example

d. cause and effect

5. The lazy checkout clerk forced the six-pack of cola into the bottom of the bag, tearing it. Then she shrugged her shoulders and said, “I guess you’ll have to carry

the bag from the bottom.”

a. time

b. contrast

c. comparison

d. illustration/example

Fonte: http://www.mdc.edu/Kendall/collegeprep/documents2/TRANSITIONAL%20WORDS%20AND%20PHRASESrevised815.pdf (acesso em 16.10.2013)

B) Create on original sentence or pair of sentences using the transition indicated.

1. for example

2. furthermore

3. nevertheless

4. meanwhile

5. however

6. as a result

7. without a doubt

8. consequently

Fonte: http://smsgrade7fi.wikispaces.com/file/view/Transition+Words.pdf . Acesso em: 16.10.2013.

Recursos Complementares

Para um suporte teórico sobre o tema, acesse:

http://www.sk.com.br/sk-conn.html. Acesso em: 14.10.2013.

Para uma lista de linking words, acesse:

http://www.english-at-home.com/grammar/linking-words/. Acesso em: 14.10.2013;

http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/sample/ite/gs/gs_38.html. Acesso em: 14.10.2013;

https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/lsu/content/4_writingskills/writing_tuts/linking_LL/linking3.html. Acesso em: 14.10.2013;

http://www.infoescola.com/ingles/conjuncoes-linking-words/. Acesso em: 14.10.2013;

http://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/linking-words Acesso em: 14.10.2013;

http://www.flinders.edu.au/slc_files/Documents/Brochures/linking_words_phrases.pdf Acesso em: 14.10.2013.

Para exercícios online sobre o tema, acesse:

http://www.learn-english-today.com/lessons/exercise-list.html. Acesso em: 14.10.2013;

https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/lsu/content/4_writingskills/writing_tuts/linking_LL/linking3.html. Acesso em:14.10.2013;

http://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/linking-words. Acesso em: 14.10.2013.

Avaliação

Observe a participação de todos os alunos durante a realização das atividades propostas nesta aula. Verifique se os alunos realizam as atividades indicadas para casa, como, no caso desta aula, a última atividade sugerida.

Peça para que os alunos procurem pequenos textos na internet e circulem os marcadores de discurso. Encaminhe os alunos até o laboratório de informática para que projetem os seus textos, a fim de que os demais colegas possam acompanhar a leitura e a identificação das linking words. Posteriormente, os textos poderão ser publicados em um blog criado pela turma, possibilitando o acesso dos alunos a todos os textos.

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